E.S.P. INSTITUTE
CREANDO OPORTUNIDADES EN QUILICHAO
20090824
GRAMMAR QUESTIONS E.S.P. INSTITUTE
1. Which of these is a noun? It is ..........
(a) thing
(b) think
(c) that
(d) there
2.Which of these is a passive sentence? It is ..........
(a) He's been there
(b) He's been taken there
(c) He's been going there
(d) He will have been there
3. Which of these is a preposition? It is ..........
(a) thorough
(b) trough
(c) through
(d) throng
4. Which of these tenses is Past Perfect Simple? It is ..........
(a) She had laughed
(b) She has been laughing
(c) She laughed
(d) She was laughing
5. Which of these is an adverb? It is ..........
(a) quickly
(b) sly
(c) quicker
(d) quickest
6. Which of these tenses is Present Simple? It is ..........
(a) He spoke
(b) He is speaking
(c) He speaks
(d) He will speak
7. Which of these is an adjective? It is ..........
(a) hard
(b) hardly
(c) harden
(d) hardship
8. Which of these is a personal pronoun? It is ..........
(a) their
(b) they
(c) there
(d) theirs
9. Which of these is a gerund? It is ..........
(a) go
(b) goes
(c) going
(d) gone
10. Which of these is a past participle? It is ..........
(a) believing
(b) believed
(c) believes
(d) belief
(a) thing
(b) think
(c) that
(d) there
2.Which of these is a passive sentence? It is ..........
(a) He's been there
(b) He's been taken there
(c) He's been going there
(d) He will have been there
3. Which of these is a preposition? It is ..........
(a) thorough
(b) trough
(c) through
(d) throng
4. Which of these tenses is Past Perfect Simple? It is ..........
(a) She had laughed
(b) She has been laughing
(c) She laughed
(d) She was laughing
5. Which of these is an adverb? It is ..........
(a) quickly
(b) sly
(c) quicker
(d) quickest
6. Which of these tenses is Present Simple? It is ..........
(a) He spoke
(b) He is speaking
(c) He speaks
(d) He will speak
7. Which of these is an adjective? It is ..........
(a) hard
(b) hardly
(c) harden
(d) hardship
8. Which of these is a personal pronoun? It is ..........
(a) their
(b) they
(c) there
(d) theirs
9. Which of these is a gerund? It is ..........
(a) go
(b) goes
(c) going
(d) gone
10. Which of these is a past participle? It is ..........
(a) believing
(b) believed
(c) believes
(d) belief
20090819
DO YOU KNOW HOW TO USE ENGLISH?
Elementary
Choose the correct answer to go in the gap.
Example:
My boyfriend .... to the pub every night.
go
goes
goed
1. Simon .... very tall.
is
are
has
2. She .... like football very much.
don't
doesn't
hasn't
3. How .... does one lesson cost?
many
much
is
4. There .... a big supermarket next to my house.
is
are
have
5. I .... agree with you.
doesn't
haven't
don't
6. Neil can't .... tennis. He's broken his arm.
to play
playing
play
7. .... some more tea?
Would you like
Do you like
You'd like
Choose the correct answer to go in the gap.
Example:
My boyfriend .... to the pub every night.
go
goes
goed
1. Simon .... very tall.
is
are
has
2. She .... like football very much.
don't
doesn't
hasn't
3. How .... does one lesson cost?
many
much
is
4. There .... a big supermarket next to my house.
is
are
have
5. I .... agree with you.
doesn't
haven't
don't
6. Neil can't .... tennis. He's broken his arm.
to play
playing
play
7. .... some more tea?
Would you like
Do you like
You'd like
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AMERICAN AND BRITISH ENGLISH
While there are certainly many more varieties of English, American and British English are the two varieties that are taught in most ESL/EFL programs. Generally, it is agreed that no one version is "correct" however, there are certainly preferences in use. The most important rule of thumb is to try to be consistent in your usage. If you decide that you want to use American English spellings then be consistent in your spelling (i.e. The color of the orange is also its flavour - color is American spelling and flavour is British), this is of course not always easy - or possible. The following guide is meant to point out the principal differences between these two varieties of English.
Use of the Present Perfect
In British English the present perfect is used to express an action that has occurred in the recent past that has an effect on the present moment. For example:
I've lost my key. Can you help me look for it?
In American English the following is also possible:
I lost my key. Can you help me look for it?
In British English the above would be considered incorrect. However, both forms are generally accepted in standard American English. Other differences involving the use of the present perfect in British English and simple past in American English include already, just and yet.
British English:
I've just had lunch
I've already seen that film
Have you finished your homework yet?
American English:
I just had lunch OR I've just had lunch
I've already seen that film OR I already saw that film.
Have your finished your homework yet? OR Did you finish your homework yet?
Possession
There are two forms to express possession in English. Have or Have got
Do you have a car?
Have you got a car?
He hasn't got any friends.
He doesn't have any friends.
She has a beautiful new home.
She's got a beautiful new home.
While both forms are correct (and accepted in both British and American English), have got (have you got, he hasn't got, etc.) is generally the preferred form in British English while most speakers of American English employ the have (do you have, he doesn't have etc.)
The Verb Get
The past participle of the verb get is gotten in American English. Example He's gotten much better at playing tennis. British English - He's got much better at playing tennis.
Use of the Present Perfect
In British English the present perfect is used to express an action that has occurred in the recent past that has an effect on the present moment. For example:
I've lost my key. Can you help me look for it?
In American English the following is also possible:
I lost my key. Can you help me look for it?
In British English the above would be considered incorrect. However, both forms are generally accepted in standard American English. Other differences involving the use of the present perfect in British English and simple past in American English include already, just and yet.
British English:
I've just had lunch
I've already seen that film
Have you finished your homework yet?
American English:
I just had lunch OR I've just had lunch
I've already seen that film OR I already saw that film.
Have your finished your homework yet? OR Did you finish your homework yet?
Possession
There are two forms to express possession in English. Have or Have got
Do you have a car?
Have you got a car?
He hasn't got any friends.
He doesn't have any friends.
She has a beautiful new home.
She's got a beautiful new home.
While both forms are correct (and accepted in both British and American English), have got (have you got, he hasn't got, etc.) is generally the preferred form in British English while most speakers of American English employ the have (do you have, he doesn't have etc.)
The Verb Get
The past participle of the verb get is gotten in American English. Example He's gotten much better at playing tennis. British English - He's got much better at playing tennis.
20090814
INGLÉS PARA INCORPORACIÓN A LA POLICIA
4 NIVELES DE INGLÉS EN 1 MES PARA INCORPORARSE A LA FUERZA PÚBLICA
ADJECTIVE DEGREES
Los adjetivos en inglés tienen tres grados: positivo, comparativo y superlativo. El grado positivo es el normal, p.e.: small (pequeño) y después tenemos el grado comparativo y el grado superlativo.
Adjetivos comparativos. (Comparison adjectives)
En inglés hay dos tipos de adjetivos comparativos: comparativos de igualdad y comparativos de superioridad.
Los adjetivos comparativos de igualdad en inglés siguen esta regla:
As+Adjetivo en grado positivo+as... (tan+adjetivo+como...)
Ej.: James is as tall as Peter. (James es tan alto como Peter).
Si la frase es en forma negativa, hay dos posibilidades a la hora de hacer la comparación de igualdad:
Not as/so+ Adjetivo+as... (No tan+Adjetivo+como...)
Ej.: James is not as/so tall as Peter. James no es tan alto como Peter.
Vamos con los adjetivos comparativos de superioridad, que en inglés siguen esta regla:
-Si el adjetivo de la comparación tiene una o dos sílabas, la comparación de superioridad sigue esta regla:
Adjetivo en grado positivo+er than... (más+ adjetivo+ que...)
Ej.: James is taller than Peter. (James es más alto que Peter).
-Si el adjetivo de la comparación tiene más de dos sílabas, la comparación de superioridad sigue esta regla:
more+Adjetivo en grado positivo+ than... (Más+ adjetivo+ que...).
Ej: The tale is more interesting than the novel (El cuento es más interesante que la novela).
Hay varios adjetivos que no siguen esta regla y por tanto, sus formas comparativas de superioridad son irregulares, p.e.: good (bueno/a), better than (más bueno/ mejor que), bad (malo/a), worse than (más malo/a que, peor que), far (lejano), further than (más lejano que), etc.
Adjetivos superlativos (Superlative adjectives).
En inglés, los adjetivos superlativos expresan el grado máximo de un adjetivo y siguen estas reglas:
-Si el adjetivo tiene una o dos sílabas, la formación del adjetivo superlativo sigue esta regla:
The+ Adjetivo+ est...(El más+ adjetivo...)
Ej.: James is the tallest in the classroom. (James es el más alto de la clase).
-Si el adjetivo tiene más de dos sílabas, la formación del adjetivo superlativo sigue esta regla:
The+ most+ adjetivo...(El más+ adjetivo+...)
Ej.: John is the most intelligent boy in this room. (James es el chico más inteligente de esta habitación).
Hay algunos adjetivos que forman el superlativo sin seguir ninguna regla, p.e.: good (bueno/a), the best (el mejor), bad (malo/a), the worst (el peor), far (lejano/a), the furthest (el más lejano), etc.
Adjetivos comparativos. (Comparison adjectives)
En inglés hay dos tipos de adjetivos comparativos: comparativos de igualdad y comparativos de superioridad.
Los adjetivos comparativos de igualdad en inglés siguen esta regla:
As+Adjetivo en grado positivo+as... (tan+adjetivo+como...)
Ej.: James is as tall as Peter. (James es tan alto como Peter).
Si la frase es en forma negativa, hay dos posibilidades a la hora de hacer la comparación de igualdad:
Not as/so+ Adjetivo+as... (No tan+Adjetivo+como...)
Ej.: James is not as/so tall as Peter. James no es tan alto como Peter.
Vamos con los adjetivos comparativos de superioridad, que en inglés siguen esta regla:
-Si el adjetivo de la comparación tiene una o dos sílabas, la comparación de superioridad sigue esta regla:
Adjetivo en grado positivo+er than... (más+ adjetivo+ que...)
Ej.: James is taller than Peter. (James es más alto que Peter).
-Si el adjetivo de la comparación tiene más de dos sílabas, la comparación de superioridad sigue esta regla:
more+Adjetivo en grado positivo+ than... (Más+ adjetivo+ que...).
Ej: The tale is more interesting than the novel (El cuento es más interesante que la novela).
Hay varios adjetivos que no siguen esta regla y por tanto, sus formas comparativas de superioridad son irregulares, p.e.: good (bueno/a), better than (más bueno/ mejor que), bad (malo/a), worse than (más malo/a que, peor que), far (lejano), further than (más lejano que), etc.
Adjetivos superlativos (Superlative adjectives).
En inglés, los adjetivos superlativos expresan el grado máximo de un adjetivo y siguen estas reglas:
-Si el adjetivo tiene una o dos sílabas, la formación del adjetivo superlativo sigue esta regla:
The+ Adjetivo+ est...(El más+ adjetivo...)
Ej.: James is the tallest in the classroom. (James es el más alto de la clase).
-Si el adjetivo tiene más de dos sílabas, la formación del adjetivo superlativo sigue esta regla:
The+ most+ adjetivo...(El más+ adjetivo+...)
Ej.: John is the most intelligent boy in this room. (James es el chico más inteligente de esta habitación).
Hay algunos adjetivos que forman el superlativo sin seguir ninguna regla, p.e.: good (bueno/a), the best (el mejor), bad (malo/a), the worst (el peor), far (lejano/a), the furthest (el más lejano), etc.
REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS
To make the past tense or past participle form of most verbs (regular verbs) we simply add “ed” at the end.
Examples using the verb “walk”:
Past Tense: I walked through the maze.
Past Participle: I have walked through the maze.
(The past participle form is used in the present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect tenses. The above example is written in the present perfect tense.)
Irregular verbs are not that simple. We sometimes need a dictionary to help us write the different forms of irregular verbs.
Examples using the verb “see”:
Past Tense: We saw the secret maps.
Past Participle: We have seen the secret maps.
Look up the word “see” in the dictionary. Notice that the different forms of the word are given. Look up “walk.” Notice that the dictionary doesn’t bother to give the different forms of regular verbs.
Change the verb that comes after each sentence to its past tense form and write it in the blank. You may refer to a dictionary. The first sentence has been completed for you.
1. I did all my homework in study hall.do
2. She ____________ of a better way to do it.think
3. Sam ____________ us to lock the doors.remind
4. They ____________ their names on the list.put
5. Who ____________ my new shoes?borrow
6. We never ____________ his real name.know
Change the verb that comes after each sentence to its past participle form and write it in the blank. You may refer to a dictionary. The first sentence has been completed for you.
1. I have never driven such a wonderful car!drive
2. Frank had ____________ the whole pizza before we arrived.eat
3. They’ve ____________ and trusted her for years.know
4. Osgood has always ____________ others for his mistakes.blame
5. The candidates have ____________ their opinions on our site.write
6. He’s ____________ his favorite song for the ceremony.pick
Examples using the verb “walk”:
Past Tense: I walked through the maze.
Past Participle: I have walked through the maze.
(The past participle form is used in the present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect tenses. The above example is written in the present perfect tense.)
Irregular verbs are not that simple. We sometimes need a dictionary to help us write the different forms of irregular verbs.
Examples using the verb “see”:
Past Tense: We saw the secret maps.
Past Participle: We have seen the secret maps.
Look up the word “see” in the dictionary. Notice that the different forms of the word are given. Look up “walk.” Notice that the dictionary doesn’t bother to give the different forms of regular verbs.
Change the verb that comes after each sentence to its past tense form and write it in the blank. You may refer to a dictionary. The first sentence has been completed for you.
1. I did all my homework in study hall.do
2. She ____________ of a better way to do it.think
3. Sam ____________ us to lock the doors.remind
4. They ____________ their names on the list.put
5. Who ____________ my new shoes?borrow
6. We never ____________ his real name.know
Change the verb that comes after each sentence to its past participle form and write it in the blank. You may refer to a dictionary. The first sentence has been completed for you.
1. I have never driven such a wonderful car!drive
2. Frank had ____________ the whole pizza before we arrived.eat
3. They’ve ____________ and trusted her for years.know
4. Osgood has always ____________ others for his mistakes.blame
5. The candidates have ____________ their opinions on our site.write
6. He’s ____________ his favorite song for the ceremony.pick
VERBOS AUXILIARES
TO HAVE: Se usa para la formación de los tiempos compuestos de pasado.
TO BE: Se usa para la forma progresiva o contínua y la voz pasiva: I am eating apples, estoy comiendo manzanas; Hamlet was written by Shakespeare, Hamlet fue escrito por Shakespeare.
DO - DID: Son auxiliares para las formas interrogativas y negativas de Presente Simple y Pasado Simple.
SHALL - WILL: a) Se usan para formar el futuro y sus pasados: shall, para las primeras personas del singular y plural; will, para las restantes; b) En la forma interrogativa Will you? equivale a ¿Quieres?
SHOULD - WOULD: Se usan para formar los condicionales: should para las primeras personas del singular y plural; would, para las restantes.
LET: Se usa para la tercera persona del singular y plural, y primera del plural del imperativo.
TO BE: Se usa para la forma progresiva o contínua y la voz pasiva: I am eating apples, estoy comiendo manzanas; Hamlet was written by Shakespeare, Hamlet fue escrito por Shakespeare.
DO - DID: Son auxiliares para las formas interrogativas y negativas de Presente Simple y Pasado Simple.
SHALL - WILL: a) Se usan para formar el futuro y sus pasados: shall, para las primeras personas del singular y plural; will, para las restantes; b) En la forma interrogativa Will you? equivale a ¿Quieres?
SHOULD - WOULD: Se usan para formar los condicionales: should para las primeras personas del singular y plural; would, para las restantes.
LET: Se usa para la tercera persona del singular y plural, y primera del plural del imperativo.
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